workflow-app/backend/server.js

/**
 * Workflow Portal Backend - Modular Architecture
 * 
 * Punkt 1: Modularized from monolithic server.js into route modules
 * Punkt 2: Removed unused Prisma (no longer needed)
 * Punkt 3: Proper migration tracking via _migrations table
 * Punkt 4: Session tokens hashed with SHA-256
 * Punkt 5: Register returns correct 'inaktiv' status
 * Punkt 6: better-sqlite3 (synchronous, no callback hell)
 * Punkt 7: Single aggregated stats query
 * Punkt 8: Transactions for template updates and task creation
 * Punkt 9: LDAP sync lock
 * Punkt 10: express-async-errors for global error handling
 * Punkt 19: Configurable CORS via env
 * Punkt 22: Prisma removed (was unused)
 * Punkt 23: User-level rate limiting
 */
const express = require('express');
require('express-async-errors');
const cors = require('cors');
const helmet = require('helmet');
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
const path = require('path');

// Initialize database (better-sqlite3, WAL mode, migrations)
const db = require('./db');
const { initDatabase } = require('./migrations');

// Auth middleware
const { authMiddleware, csrfMiddleware } = require('./middleware/auth');

// Rate limiters
const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
const { apiLimiter } = require('./middleware/rateLimit');

// Route modules
const authRoutes = require('./routes/auth');
const usersRoutes = require('./routes/users');
const templatesRoutes = require('./routes/templates');
const tasksRoutes = require('./routes/tasks');
const adRoutes = require('./routes/ad');
const statsRoutes = require('./routes/stats');
const uploadRoutes = require('./routes/upload');

// LDAP sync
const { startLDAPSync, isLDAPConfigured } = require('./ldapSync');

const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 5000;

// Trust proxy for correct IP in rate limiting (Docker/Reverse Proxy)
app.set('trust proxy', 1);

// ============ Security Middleware ============
// P14: Validate CORS_ORIGIN - filter empty/invalid entries before using in CSP
const rawCorsOrigin = process.env.CORS_ORIGIN || '';
const validCorsOrigins = rawCorsOrigin
  .split(',')
  .map(o => o.trim())
  .filter(o => o && /^https?:\/\/.+/.test(o));
const cspConnectSrc = ["'self'", ...validCorsOrigins];

app.use(helmet({
  contentSecurityPolicy: {
    directives: {
      defaultSrc: ["'self'"],
      scriptSrc: ["'self'"],
      styleSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"],
      imgSrc: ["'self'", "data:"],
      connectSrc: cspConnectSrc,
      fontSrc: ["'self'", "data:"],
    },
  },
  // P18: HSTS - enforce HTTPS in production
  hsts: {
    maxAge: 31536000,
    includeSubDomains: true,
    preload: true,
  },
  crossOriginEmbedderPolicy: false,
}));

// Punkt 19: Configurable CORS via env variable
// Single container: Frontend served from same origin, CORS only needed for external access
const allowedOrigins = validCorsOrigins.length > 0
  ? validCorsOrigins
  : ['http://localhost:5000', 'http://localhost:5173', 'http://127.0.0.1:5000', 'http://127.0.0.1:5173'];
app.use(cors({ origin: allowedOrigins, credentials: true }));
// Punkt 14: Body-Size-Limit to prevent DoS via large payloads
app.use(express.json({ limit: process.env.BODY_LIMIT || '1mb' }));
// Punkt 8: Cookie-Parser für HttpOnly-Cookie Auth
app.use(cookieParser());

// P4: CSRF protection for state-changing requests (Double-Submit-Cookie)
// Skip CSRF check for login/register (no session yet, no CSRF token available)
app.use('/api', (req, res, next) => {
  if (req.path.startsWith('/auth/login') || req.path.startsWith('/auth/register') || req.path.startsWith('/v1/auth/login') || req.path.startsWith('/v1/auth/register')) {
    return next();
  }
  csrfMiddleware(req, res, next);
});

// ============ Rate Limiting ============
app.use('/api', apiLimiter);

// ============ Health Check (Punkt 6) ============
// V5: Rate-limit /health to prevent DoS/amplification abuse
const healthLimiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 60 * 1000,
  max: 30,
  standardHeaders: true,
  legacyHeaders: false,
  message: { error: 'Zu viele Health-Check-Anfragen.' },
});
app.get('/health', healthLimiter, (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'ok', uptime: Math.floor(process.uptime()), timestamp: new Date().toISOString() });
});

// ============ Auth Middleware for all /api/ routes except /api/auth/ ============
app.use('/api', (req, res, next) => {
  // Skip auth for login, register, and status endpoints
  if (req.path.startsWith('/auth/') || req.path === '/ad/status') {
    return next();
  }
  authMiddleware(req, res, next);
});

// ============ Routes (Punkt 13: API-Versionierung /api/v1) ============
app.use('/api/v1/auth', authRoutes);
app.use('/api/v1/users', usersRoutes);
app.use('/api/v1/templates', templatesRoutes);
app.use('/api/v1/tasks', tasksRoutes);
app.use('/api/v1/ad', adRoutes);
app.use('/api/v1', statsRoutes);
app.use('/api/v1/upload', uploadRoutes);

// ============ Backward Compatibility: /api/ → /api/v1/ ============
app.use('/api/auth', authRoutes);
app.use('/api/users', usersRoutes);
app.use('/api/templates', templatesRoutes);
app.use('/api/tasks', tasksRoutes);
app.use('/api/ad', adRoutes);
app.use('/api', statsRoutes);
app.use('/api/upload', uploadRoutes);

// ============ Serve Frontend (Single Container) ============
const frontendPath = path.join(__dirname, 'frontend', 'dist');
app.use(express.static(frontendPath));
// SPA fallback: serve index.html for all non-API routes
app.get('*', (req, res, next) => {
  if (req.path.startsWith('/api') || req.path.startsWith('/health')) return next();
  res.sendFile(path.join(frontendPath, 'index.html'));
});

// ============ Global Error Handler (Punkt 10) ============
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error('[ERROR]', req.method, req.path, '-', err.message);
  if (res.headersSent) return next(err);
  res.status(500).json({ error: 'Interner Serverfehler.' });
});

// ============ Initialize & Start ============
async function start() {
  try {
    await initDatabase();
    startLDAPSync(db);

    const server = app.listen(PORT, () => {
      console.log(`Workflow Portal Backend gestartet auf Port ${PORT}`);
    });

    // ============ Graceful Shutdown (Punkt 4) ============
    function gracefulShutdown(signal) {
      console.log(`\n[SHUTDOWN] ${signal} empfangen, fahre herunter...`);
      
      // Stop LDAP sync timer
      const { stopLDAPSync } = require('./ldapSync');
      stopLDAPSync();
      
      // Stop accepting new connections
      server.close(async () => {
        console.log('[SHUTDOWN] HTTP-Server gestoppt.');
        
        // Close database connection
        try {
          if (db._type === 'postgres') {
            await db.close();
          } else {
            db.close();
          }
          console.log('[SHUTDOWN] Datenbankverbindung geschlossen.');
        } catch (err) {
          console.error('[SHUTDOWN] Fehler beim Schließen der Datenbank:', err.message);
        }
        
        console.log('[SHUTDOWN] Erfolgreich heruntergefahren.');
        process.exit(0);
      });
      
      // Force shutdown after 10 seconds if connections don't close
      setTimeout(() => {
        console.error('[SHUTDOWN] Erzwinge Shutdown nach Timeout.');
        process.exit(1);
      }, 10000);
    }

    process.on('SIGTERM', () => gracefulShutdown('SIGTERM'));
    process.on('SIGINT', () => gracefulShutdown('SIGINT'));
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('[FATAL] Start fehlgeschlagen:', err.message);
    process.exit(1);
  }
}

start();